We have that $ \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 2 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 9 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} $ and $ \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix} $. Then $ \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 27 \\ 9 \end{pmatrix}, $ so \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 6 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} - \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 27 \\ 9 \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]This gives us $ \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 5 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 20 \\ 10 \end{pmatrix}, $ so \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix}.\]Then \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} - \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} - \begin{pmatrix} 7 \\ -1 \end{pmatrix}.\]This gives us $ \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -3 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix}, $ so \[\mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.\]Finally, \begin{align*} \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} &= \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix} + 3 \mathbf{M} \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} 4 \\ 2 \end{pmatrix} + 3 \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix}.\end{align*}Since $ \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} $ and $ \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \end{pmatrix} $ lie on the line $ y = 2x + 1, $ we want to compute the equation of the line through $ \begin{pmatrix} -1 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix} $ and $ \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 5 \end{pmatrix} $. The equation of this line is $ \boxed{y = 2x + 3} $.