Palindromes Divisible by Three
A $ \textit{palindrome} $ is a positive integer which reads the same forward and backward, like $ 12321 $ or $ 4884 $.
How many $ 4 $-digit palindromes are divisible by $ 3 $?
- 1
- 2
- 3
- +
- 4
- 5
- 6
- -
- 7
- 8
- 9
- $\frac{a}{b}$
- .
- 0
- =
- %
- $a^n$
- $a^{\circ}$
- $a_n$
- $\sqrt{}$
- $\sqrt[n]{}$
- $\pi$
- $\ln{}$
- $\log$
- $\theta$
- $\sin{}$
- $\cos{}$
- $\tan{}$
- $($
- $)$
- $[$
- $]$
- $\cap$
- $\cup$
- $,$
- $\infty$
Solution
Once we've picked the first two digits of a $ 4 $-digit palindrome, the last two digits are automatically chosen by mirroring the first two. Thus, we can make exactly one $ 4 $-digit palindrome for every $ 2 $-digit number. For example, the $ 2 $-digit number $ 57 $ gives the palindrome $ 5775 $.
For an integer to be divisible by $ 3 $, the sum of its digits must also be divisible by $ 3 $. A $ 4 $-digit palindrome has two identical pairs of digits. If the total of all four digits is a multiple of $ 3 $, then the first two digits must also add up to a multiple of $ 3 $ (since doubling a non-multiple of $ 3 $ can't give us a multiple of $ 3 $). Thus, to make a $ 4 $-digit palindrome which is a multiple of $ 3 $, we must use a $ 2 $-digit number that is a multiple of $ 3 $.
This tells us that the number of $ 4 $-digit palindromes that are divisible by $ 3 $ is identical to the number of multiples of $ 3 $ from $ 10 $ through $ 99 $. Here is a list of those multiples of $ 3 $: $$12, 15, 18, 21, 24, \ldots, 90, 93, 96, 99.$$ This list consists of the $ 30 $ positive multiples of $ 3 $ greater than $ 10 $. So, there are $ 30 $ numbers in the list, and therefore $ \boxed{30} $ four-digit palindromes that are divisible by $ 3 $.
Here is a list of those palindromes: $$1221, 1551, 1881, 2112, 2442, \ldots, 9009, 9339, 9669, 9999.$$