Trigonometric Sum Calculation
Given that
\begin{align*}
\cos x + \cos y + \cos z &= 0, \\
\sin x + \sin y + \sin z &= 0,
\end{align*}find
\begin{align*}
&\tan^2 x + \tan^2 y + \tan^2 z - (\tan^2 x \tan^2 y + \tan^2 x \tan^2 z + \tan^2 y \tan^2 z) \\
&\quad - 3 \tan^2 x \tan^2 y \tan^2 z.\end{align*}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- +
- 4
- 5
- 6
- -
- 7
- 8
- 9
- $\frac{a}{b}$
- .
- 0
- =
- %
- $a^n$
- $a^{\circ}$
- $a_n$
- $\sqrt{}$
- $\sqrt[n]{}$
- $\pi$
- $\ln{}$
- $\log$
- $\theta$
- $\sin{}$
- $\cos{}$
- $\tan{}$
- $($
- $)$
- $[$
- $]$
- $\cap$
- $\cup$
- $,$
- $\infty$
Solution
Let $ a = e^{ix}, $ $ b = e^{iy}, $ and $ c = e^{iz} $. Then
\begin{align*}
a + b + c &= e^{ix} + e^{iy} + e^{iz} \\
&= \cos x + i \sin x + \cos y + i \sin y + \cos z + i \sin z \\
&= (\cos x + \cos y + \cos z) + i (\sin x + \sin y + \sin z) \\
&= 0
\end{align*}Similarly,
\begin{align*}
\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} &= e^{-ix} + e^{-iy} + e^{-iz} \\
&= \cos x - i \sin x + \cos y - i \sin y + \cos z - i \sin z \\
&= (\cos x + \cos y + \cos z) - i (\sin x + \sin y + \sin z) \\
&= 0
\end{align*}Since $ \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{c} = 0, $ $ \frac{ab + ac + bc}{abc} = 0, $ so
\[ab + ac + bc = 0.\]Since $ a + b + c = 0, $ $ (a + b + c)^2 = 0, $ which expands as $ a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2(ab + ac + bc) = 0 $. Hence,
\[a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 0.\]But
\begin{align*}
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 &= e^{2ix} + e^{2iy} + e^{2iz} \\
&= \cos 2x + i \sin 2x + \cos 2y + i \sin 2y + \cos 2z + i \sin 2z,
\end{align*}so $ \cos 2x + \cos 2y + \cos 2z = 0 $.
Then
\begin{align*}
\cos 2x + \cos 2y + \cos 2z &= \cos^2 x - \sin^2 x + \cos^2 y - \sin^2 y + \cos^2 z - \sin^2 z \\
&= \frac{\cos^2 x - \sin^2 x}{\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x} + \frac{\cos^2 y - \sin^2 y}{\cos^2 y + \sin^2 y} + \frac{\cos^2 z - \sin^2 z}{\cos^2 z + \sin^2 z} \\
&= \frac{1 - \tan^2 x}{1 + \tan^2 x} + \frac{1 - \tan^2 y}{1 + \tan^2 y} + \frac{1 - \tan^2 z}{1 + \tan^2 z} \\
&= 0
\end{align*}It follows that
\begin{align*}
&(1 - \tan^2 x)(1 + \tan^2 y)(1 + \tan^2 z) \\
&\quad + (1 + \tan^2 x)(1 - \tan^2 y)(1 + \tan^2 z) \\
&\quad + (1 + \tan^2 x)(1 + \tan^2 y)(1 - \tan^2 z) = 0
\end{align*}Expanding, we get
\begin{align*}
&3 + \tan^2 x + \tan^2 y + \tan^2 z - (\tan^2 x \tan^2 y + \tan^2 x \tan^2 y + \tan^2 y \tan^2 z) \\
&\quad - 3 \tan^2 x \tan^2 y \tan^2 z = 0
\end{align*}Therefore,
\begin{align*}
&\tan^2 x + \tan^2 y + \tan^2 z - (\tan^2 x \tan^2 y + \tan^2 x \tan^2 z + \tan^2 y \tan^2 z) \\
&\quad - 3 \tan^2 x \tan^2 y \tan^2 z = \boxed{-3}
\end{align*}